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LaTeX math symbols and equations

Copy math symbols, equation environments, matrices and alignment syntax with package-aware notes.

56 entries

Math mode, grouping and fractions

Inline math: \(a+b\)
Wrap mathematical notation inside running text. [1][2]
Display math: \[a+b\]
Start a displayed, unnumbered mathematics expression. [1][2]
Numbered equation: \begin{equation}a=b\end{equation}
Adds an equation number to the display. [1][2]
Unnumbered equation: \begin{equation*}a=b\end{equation*}
Amsmath gives the starred unnumbered form. [1][2]
Exponent: x^{n+1}
Group all tokens that belong in the superscript. [1][2]
Subscript: a_{i,j}
Use braces around multiple index characters. [1][2]
Combined index and power: x_i^2
Both a subscript and superscript can follow one symbol. [1][2]
Fraction: \frac{a+b}{c+d}
The two required arguments are numerator and denominator. [1][2]
Display-size fraction: \dfrac{a}{b}
Amsmath makes a fraction at display size. [1][2]
Text-size fraction: \tfrac{a}{b}
Amsmath produces a compact inline-sized fraction. [1][2]
Square root: \sqrt{x+1}
Root symbol extends over the braced mathematical expression. [1][2]
Nth root: \sqrt[3]{x}
Optional bracket supplies the root index. [1][2]
Text in equation: \text{rate}
Amsmath text command prints words upright in math mode. [1][2]
Operator name: \operatorname{rank}(A)
Define an upright math operator with proper spacing. [1][2]

Alpha: \alpha
Prints the lowercase Greek alpha symbol. [1][2]
Beta: \beta
Prints the lowercase Greek beta symbol. [1][2]
Gamma: \gamma
Prints the lowercase Greek gamma symbol. [1][2]
Uppercase Gamma: \Gamma
Prints the uppercase Greek gamma symbol. [1][2]
Pi: \pi
Prints lowercase pi for formulas. [1][2]
Sigma: \Sigma
Prints uppercase Greek sigma. [1][2]
Infinity: \infty
Prints the mathematical infinity symbol. [1][2]
Less than or equal: \leq
Typesets the less-than-or-equal relation. [1][2]
Greater than or equal: \geq
Typesets the greater-than-or-equal relation. [1][2]
Not equal: \neq
Typesets the not-equal relation. [1][2]
Approximate equality: \approx
Typesets the approximately-equal relation. [1][2]
Element membership: \in
States element-of set membership. [1][2]
Subset relation: \subseteq
States subset-or-equal relation. [1][2]
Multiplication dot: \cdot
Typesets the centered multiplication dot. [1][2]
Cross multiplication: \times
Typesets multiplication cross or Cartesian product. [1][2]
Plus or minus: \pm
Prints the plus/minus symbol. [1][2]
Vector arrow: \vec{v}
Adds an arrow accent over a single symbol. [1][2]
Wide vector arrow: \overrightarrow{AB}
Extends an arrow over a grouped expression. [1][2]
Wide hat: \widehat{ABC}
Extends a hat accent over multiple letters. [1][2]
Overline: \overline{AB}
Adds a horizontal bar over the complete group. [1][2]

Finite summation: \sum_{i=1}^{n}i
Includes both summation limits. [1][2]
Definite integral: \int_0^1 f(x)\,dx
Integrates between zero and one with thin spacing. [1][2]
Limit of function: \lim_{x\to0}f(x)
Notates the variable approaching zero. [1][2]
Partial derivative: \frac{\partial f}{\partial x}
Expresses a first partial derivative. [1][2]
Binomial coefficient: \binom{n}{k}
Amsmath creates two numbers in binomial notation. [1][2]
Absolute-value bars: \lvert x\rvert
Uses paired fixed-size math delimiters. [1][2]
Automatically sized brackets: \left(\frac{a}{b}\right)
Parentheses grow around tall material. [1][2]
Manually sized brackets: \bigl(x\bigr)
Specifies enlarged delimiters without auto-sizing. [1][2]
Thin math spacing: a\,b
Adds a small controlled space between symbols. [1][2]
Quad spacing: a\quad b
Adds a large, font-relative mathematics space. [1][2]
Double-quad spacing: a\qquad b
Adds two quad widths of math spacing. [1][2]

Two aligned rows: \begin{align}a&=b\\c&=d\end{align}
Ampersands align columns and double backslashes separate rows. [1][2]
Unnumbered aligned rows: \begin{align*}a&=b\\c&=d\end{align*}
Starred amsmath alignment omits equation numbers. [1][2]
Split numbered equation: \begin{equation}\begin{split}a&=b\\&=c\end{split}\end{equation}
Split aligns multiline content under a single number. [1][2]
Piecewise cases: f=\begin{cases}0&x<0\\1&x\geq0\end{cases}
Cases pairs values with conditional expressions. [1][2]
Parentheses matrix: \begin{pmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{pmatrix}
Amsmath matrix with surrounding round brackets. [1][2]
Square-bracket matrix: \begin{bmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{bmatrix}
Amsmath matrix with surrounding square brackets. [1][2]
Undelimited matrix: \begin{matrix}a&b\\c&d\end{matrix}
Amsmath matrix without automatic delimiters. [1][2]
Determinant-style matrix: \begin{vmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{vmatrix}
Amsmath matrix enclosed in vertical bars. [1][2]
Suppress equation-row number: \begin{align}a&=b\notag\\c&=d\end{align}
Notag disables a selected row number. [1][2]
Create equation label: \begin{equation}\label{eq:a}a=b\end{equation}
Attaches an identifier for later references. [1][2]
Reference equation number: \eqref{eq:a}
Amsmath inserts a parenthesized equation number. [1][2]

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Updated 2026-10-20LaTeX2e · amsmath

cheatsheetatlas.com/sheets/latex-math/ · Updated 2026-10-20 · LaTeX2e · amsmath